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    Dr. Howard Lee teaches the following courses at Seoul National University either through the Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Medicine, or College of Liberal Arts.

    Artificial Intelligence for New Drug Development and Clinical Application

    • New drug development takes many years, typically ~15 years, and needs huge investments while its success rate has been overwhelmingly low. However, developing new drugs should be continued to advance the health of people. Furthermore, the economic value of well-developed drugs is enormous. To increase the efficiency of new drug development, various innovative attempts have been made, among which artificial intelligence (AI) powered by machine learning (ML), particularly deep learning (DL) has been actively applied to every stage of new drug development. Not only that, AI technologies may be useful to encourage the optimal use of a drug in a clinical setting such that it helps clinicians and clinical pharmacists to choose the best, individually tailored dosage regimen of a drug for a specific patient. In this course, Prof. Howard Lee introduces students to the basic concepts and technologies in AI, ML, and DL, followed by a systematic exploration how AI, ML, and DL could be efficiently used to increase the success rate of new drug development and to help clinical practitioners optimize drug treatment.

    Seminar in Drug Regulatory Science

    • Regulatory science is the scientific and technical foundations, upon which regulations are rooted. Regulatory science can be applied to various industries and activities, of which drug development and its optimal use, where human health and safety has the utmost significance, is a typical sector that demonstrates what an important role regulatory science can play. This seminar will systematically review the contents, philosophies, technical and scientific details of the regulations for drug development and its optimal use. Students will learn how regulatory science has been developed, and how the core disciplines of drug regulatory science can be applied to address real world issues. This seminar will be provided in English. 

    Business Ecosystem for New Drug Development in Korea

    • Heightened awareness of the quality of life and extended life expectancy has led to increased demand for quality medications. In response, the private sector has invested in quality and streamlined manufacturing processes. Various policy levers (e.g., cost reduction or distribution optimization) were examined in the public sector to ensure and expand access to new drugs. This cooperation is central to public health care.

      This course provides a comprehensive overview of the history of drug development and relevant drug regulations in South Korea, along with their impacts, both positive and negative, to pharmaceutical business ecosystme especially from the perspective of new drug development and accessibility. In addition, this course offers a cross-sectional view of today’s business ecosystem in the pharmaceutical industry, organized around each stage of drug development, from preclinical and clinical phases to approval and marketing to reimbursement and price setting. Finally, this course intends to introduce students to the debates and controversies surrounding drug regulation policies and regulatory decision-making in South Korea. Toward the end of the course, students will become better equipped to forecast the future of the pharmaceutical industry and suggest viable paths for the industry and the government to take. (image credit: An Ecosystem for Health Innovation | Takeda)

    Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Drug Development

    • Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics investigate the fate of a drug and its action after administration to humans. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics play an important role in drug development, particularly for finding an optimal dose and dosage regimen. This course gives the students an overview of the various basic concepts and principles of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, followed by a systematic investigation of the ways and examples how those concepts and principles have been and could be applied to real world drug development to increase its speed and efficiency. This course will be taught in English.   

    Introduction to Convergent Systems Clinical Pharmacology

    • Systems approach is an intentional move from a traditional reductionist perspective of biology to a systems level, beyond deions of single molecules and their functions, to see the whole picture instead. Systems clinical pharmacology reflects parallel evolution in enabling platform technologies and quantitative restructuring of the human body in terms of the action of a drug. This course intends to provide a basic understanding of systems clinical pharmacology, particularly in the viewpoint of convergent approach, for students planning to study further this discipline in their academic journey (image credit: https://genomemedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gm11).

    Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models for Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology

    • Nonlinear mixed-effects analysis has been widely used in population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, which is a typical top-down approach in systems clinical pharmacology that intends to elucidate the exposure-response relationship of a drug. The course will help students gain practical knowledge and hands-on skills required to develop a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model at a basic to intermediate level using the NONMEM and other related software programs such as Pirana, Trial Simulator, and R. Students are expected to prepare an actual analysis data set and to develop a set of coding control streams in the course. The results of the analysis can be published as a standalone article in a reputable journal. The book by Owen and Fiedler-Kelly, entitled “Introduction to Population Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Analysis with Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models” will be used as a textbook for the course (see Figure).

    Understanding New Health Technology Development

    • Safe and efficacious health technology is indispensable for advancing health of the humankind, which also s a huge value to the society, not only financially, but also scientifically. However, developing new health technology is a lengthy and risky venture that requires the involvement of a multitude of experts in various disciplines, which still has a very low likelihood of success. It is important to understand the whole processes of new health technology development and to make a sound decision at every step based on that understanding. This course intends to provide an overview of the various steps, scientific disciplines, decision-making principles of new health technology development (image credit: Genome Research Limited).

    Use of Radiation Technology in New Drug Development

    • Radiation technology has played important roles in new drug development. In the preclinical and clinical stages of new drug development, use of radio-labeled materials can facilitate the elucidation of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), mass balance, metabolites profiling and their identification of test articles under development. Furthermore, bioimaging using radio-ligand can enable noninvasive real-time visualization of the in vivo distribution and elimination of test articles, allowing for their quantitative assessment of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. This course intends to provide students planning to pursue a career in new drug development with an overview of the various uses, possibilities, pitfalls and the ways to overcome them, and future prospects of radiation technology.

    Selected Topics Seminar 4

    • Prof. Howard Lee teaches the Selected Topics Seminar 4 in association with the College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University. This seminar encourages students to explore in depth a major topic, while learning in a practical way the essentials of research methodology. It aims to develop students' creativity and research skills by offering a chance to plan and perform one's own research project under the guidance of an instructor. 


      Particularly this year (2018), Dr. Lee will help students write up a critical term paper about it, where each student is expected to choose a controversial issue in the area of biomedical science and to build up her/his own logic and ideas, supported by ed evidence. Students will also learn how to compose a logically strong, but literally appealing, paper, which is free from cliche or grammatically awkward easily overlooked.  


      Students will also have a chance to discuss the deleted topics out of the two books that Dr. Lee wrote: FDA vs. KFDA and Let Us Not Forget Wu Suk Hwang. A detailed syllabus can be downloaded here. 




    Drugs and Society

    • Not only patients, but healthy people can be affected by drugs. The issues pertaining to the development, approval, and use of a drug can influence the society as a whole with regard to the optimal and justifiable allocation of limited resources. This course is unique in that it is not a typical didactic classroom teaching. Instead, all the students are required to actively participate in classroom debates after reviewing assigned reading materials for each topic at a week. A sample question may read like ‘Can we say a drug is safe enough if that has been used for many years?’ or ‘Is a drug discovered or developed?’ or ‘How much can we compensate for the creativity not to mitigate innovation in the society?’This course is taught through the College of Liberal Studies under the umbrella title of Creative Convergence Seminar (image credit: Malaysian Pharmacists Society)
    The following courses will be also provided.

    Introduction to Clinical Pharmacokinetics

    Pharmacokinetics focuses on the whole processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the drug in the body. Understanding of the pharmacokinetics is indispensable not only for the development of any new drug, but also for its optimal use later in patients. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to approach pharmacokinetics from a quantitative perspective. This course intends to provide a basic understanding of pharmacokinetics in humans or clinical pharmacokinetics, particularly in the viewpoint of quantitative approach, for students planning to study further this discipline in their academic journey.

    Consultation for New Health Technology Development

    Consultation for new health technology development is a focused multidisciplinary professional activity, which requires a deep understanding of not only the individual scientific disciplines, but also a capability to synthesize the knowledge from the perspective of regulatory approval by the health authorities. The course will help students gain knowledge, hands-on skills, and experience for effective consultation for new health technology development using actual cases in the real world.
    Additionally, Dr. Lee has been actively involved and taught classes in the following courses: Pharmacology (e.g., Clinical Pharmacology Principles of Antibiotics Treatment, Clinical Pharmacology for Antibiotics Resistance Development), Clinical Pharmacology (e.g., Drug Interaction, Management of Adverse Drug Reactions, and Good Prescription Practices), Optimal Drug Therapy for Special Populations, Advanced Pharmacotherapy, Advanced Clinical Trials Seminar, and Good Clinical Practices (all in association with College of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine).

    CCADD

    Center for Convergence Approaches in Drug Development, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University

    Room C-208, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, SOUTH KOREA (Gwanggyo)

    Room 406, Building 17, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA (Yeon-gun)

    Tel: +82-31-888-9189 (Gwanggyo); +82-2-3668-7381 (Yeon-gun)

    Fax: +82-31-888-9575

    Email: ccadd.snu@gmail.com